Battery swap, the game-changing charging "superpower" that captivates countless EV owners, keeps evolving. Upgraded to the 4th-generation Battery Swap Station, it gets your car fully charged and ready to go in just 2 minutes and 48 seconds—so fast that even the Flash would tip his hat.
NIO's battery swap service has completed over 900 million times in total! Behind these 900 million+ fully charged departures lie the same number of power battery loading and unloading operations, an undeniable testament to the convenience and reliability of NIO's battery swap mechanism.
Having deepened its layout in the battery swap field for years, NIO has built a large-scale battery swap network, a defining feature that sets it apart from the crowd.Today, we're going to lift the veil on the groundbreaking technologies behind this innovative service.
换电，这个让无数电动车主心动的补能「超能力」持续进化，升级到第四代换电站，2分48秒就能满电出发，速度之快，甚至让“闪电侠”都会自叹不如。
蔚来换电已经累计完成超过9000万次！9千万余次满电出发，背后是超过9千万次的动力电池装卸动作，这无疑是对换电机构便利性和可靠性最有力的认证。
蔚来汽车在换电领域深耕多年，已然构建起了规模宏大的换电网络，这成为了蔚来独树一帜的显著特质。
今天我们就来揭开换电背后神秘的黑科技面纱。
Vehicle-Battery Separation and Decoupling Technology
车电分离解耦技术
Vehicle-battery separation technology is the cornerstone of flexible battery replacement. It requires the battery and the vehicle to separate seamlessly and connect tightly; to be rock-solid reliable once installed, and to operate safely and stably at all times.
NIO's vehicle-battery separation and decoupling technology is one of its core competitive strengths, boasting 30 authorized invention patents for high-reliability decoupling and locking technologies in this field. For the locking system, NIO has innovatively developed the Bayobolt fastener bolt set to connect the battery and the vehicle body, with a design concept similar to the orbital docking device of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe—ensuring both structural rigidity and strength, while allowing a certain floating tolerance for docking. The advanced anti-loosening thread technology delivers a locking force of 3 tons per bolt, enabling over 3,000 damage-free locking and unlocking cycles, more than 1,500 battery swaps for a single vehicle, and a minimum driving range of 600,000 kilometers.
Once the battery is installed, its circuits and coolant pipelines must work in perfect harmony with the vehicle's relevant systems, operating normally and reliably. To address challenges such as durability, sealing, and flow resistance faced by quick-swap connectors during repeated plugging and unplugging, NIO has adopted high-reliability quick-swap electrical and hydraulic connection technology, demonstrating its innovative breakthroughs in electrical and liquid cooling connection technologies.
Equally remarkable is the software-defined battery pack compatibility technology. NIO's independently developed Full Vehicle Over-the-Air (FOTA) upgrade technology enables dual system-level and application-level updates, covering key functional domains such as the three-electric system (battery, motor, electronic control), chassis and suspension, and assisted driving. The vehicle control dynamic battery adaptation technology skillfully resolves the complex compatibility issues between various vehicle models and multiple battery pack types.
车电分离技术乃是实现灵活更换电池的基石。这意味着，电池与车辆不但要能毫无阻碍地分离，还得紧密无间地合体；不仅装车后要坚如磐石般可靠，更要能安然无恙且稳定地投入使用。
蔚来的车电分离解耦技术，堪称其核心竞争力之一，在这一领域，高可靠的车电解耦与锁止技术拥有 30 项授权发明专利。在锁止技术方面，蔚来独创了Bayobolt紧固件螺栓组，来连接电池和车身，设计理念与嫦娥五号月球探测器月轨对接装置类似，既能保证连接的刚度和强度，又有一定的对接浮动容差。先进螺纹防松技术，单颗就可提供3吨锁紧力，实现无损加解锁3000次以上，整车换电1500次以上，可至少行驶60万公里。
当电池被安装上车后，其中的电路和冷却液管道还需与车辆上的相关系统默契配合、正常且可靠地运作。针对快换插头在反复插拔下所面临的耐用性、密封性和流阻等难题，蔚来运用了高可靠的快换水电连接技术，充分展现了其在电连接和液冷连接技术上的创新突破。
软件定义的电池包兼容技术同样令人瞩目。蔚来自主研发的整车固件升级 FOTA 技术，实现了系统级和应用级的双重更新，覆盖三电系统、底盘悬挂、辅助驾驶等主要功能域。而整车控制动态适配电池技术，则巧妙地化解了多种车型与多种电池包型号的复杂适配难题。
Vehicle-Station Collaborative Fully Automated Intelligent Battery Swap Technology
车站协同全自动智能换电技术
How to achieve smooth exchange and circulation between the battery on the vehicle and the batteries at the swap station? NIO holds as many as 149 authorized invention patents in the field of vehicle-station collaborative fully automated intelligent battery swap.
Within a limited space of just four parking spaces (approximately 60 square meters), NIO has built a 4th-generation Battery Swap Station with a maximum daily service capacity of 480 swaps. Behind this unparalleled convenience and efficiency is its containerized modular design, which not only facilitates transportation but also allows the station to be fully installed and commissioned in just 18 hours, drastically shortening the construction cycle and effectively reducing costs.
Another striking technological highlight is the full automation and unmanned operation of the battery swap process, made possible by the vehicle-station collaborative centimeter-level positioning system, precise trajectory planning in narrow spaces, and high-precision torque control at low speeds. Scenes that once only appeared in futuristic sci-fi movies are now a tangible reality at NIO's Battery Swap Stations.
In the subsequent operation and maintenance phase, intelligent swap station O&M technology plays a pivotal role. Leveraging edge-cloud collaboration technology, it meets a full range of needs including remote monitoring, control, guidance and training. More notably, the entire process—from problem detection and resolution to circulation and closed-loop processing—is fully digitalized, significantly improving the efficiency and transparency of O&M management compared to traditional methods.
车上的电池与换电站里的电池如何才能实现顺畅的交换流通？在车站协同全自动智能换电这一领域，蔚来拥有的授权发明专利多达 149 项。
在仅仅占据四个车位、约 60 平方米的有限空间内，蔚来竟能打造出一个日服务能力最高达 480次的换电站（第四代换电站）。如此便捷高效的背后，是其采用的集装箱化模块式设计。这种设计不仅运输便捷，而且能够在 18 小时内一气呵成地完成安装和启用，极大地缩短了建设周期，有效降低了成本。
另一个引人注目的技术亮点，便是换电过程的全自动化和无人化。这要归功于车站协同的厘米级定位系统、在狭窄空间内的精准轨迹规划能力，以及低速场景下高精度的扭矩控制。曾经只在未来科幻片中才会出现的场景，如今在蔚来的换电站已成为触手可及的真实画面。
在后续的运营维护环节，智能化换电站运维技术起着举足轻重的作用。借助边云协同技术，它满足了远程监控、控制、指导和培训等一系列需求。更值得一提的是，从问题的发现，到解决，再到流转和闭环处理，整个过程全部实现了数字化，使得运维管理的效率和透明度较以往有了大幅提升。
多元换电网络融合技术To realize its vision of "making charging easier than refueling", NIO has built and operates a full-scenario charging and battery swap network, and its multi-dimensional battery swap network integration technology has pushed innovation to a new level, with 44 authorized invention patents currently held in this technical field.
为实现“让加电比加油更方便”的愿景，蔚来建设并运营了全场景充换电网络，多元换电网络融合技术更是将创新推向了一个新高度，在这一技术领域，蔚来目前拥有 44 项授权发明专利。
· Multi-dimensional Sensing Battery Monitoring Technology with Precision Perception injects powerful capabilities into intelligent battery swap stations, enabling them to conduct all-round monitoring of battery status through multi-dimensional features such as images, smoke, liquid level, and cooling system pressure. High-performance image detection algorithms can acutely identify any mechanical damage to the battery case, even tiny foreign objects on the surface, greatly enhancing the precision of battery monitoring.
· Efficient and Intelligent Cloud-Based Multi-Layer Intelligent Diagnosis Technology perfectly integrates advanced feature compression technology with sensitive anomaly detection technology. This architecture effectively empowers the cloud to conduct accurate diagnosis of potential battery hazards and detailed analysis of failure modes. It not only comprehensively improves the detection rate of battery risks but also significantly reduces the false alarm rate, overcoming two major industry challenges and showcasing a new era of battery diagnosis technology.
· Flexible and Interactive High-Elasticity Power Grid Technology has achieved a qualitative leap in the coordinated management of battery swap stations in the electricity market and power grid operation, thanks to the development of core technologies of "real-time communication" and "sensing and control aggregation". Acting like a virtual battery factory, battery swap stations provide a novel and unique interactive energy solution for the power grid.
· Intelligent and Precise Resource Deployment and Balancing Technology formulates targeted battery deployment strategies based on user behavior patterns. Through density-based hierarchical clustering and dynamic planning strategies, the battery swap network not only optimizes coverage but also improves the allocation efficiency of service resources. Meanwhile, intelligent battery scheduling technology effectively balances the usage pressure of each battery, keeping them in optimal working condition, extending their service life, and enabling orderly planning for battery recycling—successfully addressing the dual challenges of battery cost and utilization rate.
· 细腻洞察的多维感知电池监控技术，为智能换电站注入了强大的能量，使其能够通过图像、烟雾、液位、冷却系统压力等多维度的特征，对电池状态进行全方位的感知。高性能的图像检测算法能够敏锐地侦测到电池壳体的任何机械损伤，哪怕是表面的微小异物也无所遁形，大幅提高了电池监控的精细程度。
· 高效智慧的云端多层智能诊断技术，将先进的特征压缩技术与灵敏的异常探测技术完美融合。这一架构有力地推动了云端对电池隐患的精准诊断和失效模式的详尽解析。它不但全面提升了电池隐患的检测率，还显著降低了误报率，成功攻克了两大行业难题，展现出电池诊断技术的全新境界。
· 灵活互动的高弹性电网技术，让换电站在电力市场和电网运行中的协调管理实现了质的飞跃，这得益于研发出的“即时通信”和“感控聚合”核心技术。仿佛一个虚拟的电池厂，换电站为电网提供了一种新颖独特的交互能量解决方案。
· 智能精准的资源部署及均衡技术，针对用户的行为模式，制定出了精准的电池部署策略。通过密度层次聚类和动态规划策略，换电网络不仅优化了覆盖范围，还提升了服务资源的调配效率。同时，电池的智能调度技术有效平衡了各电池的使用压力，让电池始终保持在最佳工作状态，延长了使用寿命，并对电池的回收进行了有序规划，成功化解了电池成本与利用率的双重挑战。
Based on vehicle-battery separation technology, NIO's battery swap model not only brings unprecedented flexibility to users' purchase choices and drastically reduces the cost of car ownership but also greatly enhances battery flexibility, making it easier to maintain and reuse, and allowing for on-demand battery upgrades to boost driving range.
In NIO's battery swap system, vehicle-battery separation provides long-term protection for battery health, with every battery at the swap station required to maintain a capacity degradation rate of less than 15%. This means that a NIO car, even after eight or ten years of use, will still be powered by a high-performance battery with ample vitality.
NIO boasts China's most comprehensive charging infrastructure and systematic service capabilities. The proven success of its battery swap model has prompted major automakers to seek cooperation with NIO Power in the battery swap track, expanding NIO's battery swap "circle of friends" day by day. Since November 2023, NIO has entered into battery swap cooperation with Changan Automobile, Geely Holding Group, Chery Automobile, Jianghuai Automobile Group, Lotus, GAC Group, China FAW and other enterprises.
以车电分离技术为基础的换电模式，不仅给用户购买选择带来了前所未有的灵活性，大大降低了用户的拥车成本，还使得电池的灵活性大大提升，易于维护和重新利用，还能随时升级电池提高续航能力。
在蔚来的换电体系中，车电分离能为电池健康提供了长期的保障，换电站内的每块电池都必须保持低于15%的衰减率。这意味着，一辆蔚来汽车，无论历经八年还是十年的岁月洗礼，所使用的电池依旧活力满满。
蔚来拥有中国最完善的补能基础设施和体系化服务能力。 换电模式的跑通，也让主流车企纷纷开始在换电赛道寻求与蔚来能源合作，蔚来的换电“朋友圈日益壮大。自2023年11月至今，蔚来已与长安汽车、吉利控股集团、奇瑞汽车、江汽集团、路特斯、广汽集团、中国一汽等达成换电合作。
(Using AI translation)
（使用AI翻译）
